In the field of molecular biology, for example, RTK class XII receptor tyrosine kinase orphan receptors such as (RORS) are a family of tyrosine kinase receptor is important in the regulation of bone cell polarity, and cell migration and neuronal development. ROR protein can regulate the Wnt signaling by the Wnt signaling ligands.

This gene encodes an orphan receptor, such as receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates neurite outgrowth of CNS. The encoded RTK class XII protein is a glycosylated type I membrane protein belonging to the sub-family of cell surface receptors ROR. This may be reacted with non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway where there is no catalytic activity pseudokinase yet. The expression, this gene is expressed at very low levels in adult tissues during early embryonic development very. Increased expression of this gene is associated with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. by encoding different isoforms, as a result of alternative splicing of the transcript variants plurality.

Protein this gene encodes is a type I transmembrane protein belonging to the sub-family of cell surface receptors ROR and receptor protein tyrosine kinase. It can be included in the beginning of the formation of cartilage, the protein may be required for cartilage growth plates and developed. Can cause the nail and skeletal disorder characterized by hypoplasia / aplasia brachydactyly type B, bone finger distal mutations in this gene. In addition, mutations in this gene can cause syndrome characterized by skeletal dysplasia of the total fat limb bone segmental defects of dysmorphic facial expression spine, and brachydactyly, the autosomal recessive form of Robinow.

Intracellular signaling is triggered by activation of phosphorylation subsequent substrates and multiple tyrosine kinase domain. The subfamily of RTK, are classified amino acid sequence identity thereof, according to the structural similarity of the acidic cell, therefore, in many cases, members of the subfamily, is associated with a ligand or similar common. In humans, family 20 types of RTK are present and are classified according to the structural similarity of the extracellular region of the amino acid sequence identity in their

We identified discoidin domain receptor that defines an unusual class breast cancer tyrosine phosphorylated proteins, receptor tyrosine kinase (DDR). CDNA predicts a C-terminal domain of tyrosine kinases in the DDR, viscosity region of the N-terminal domain are similar to bacteria yellow lectin discoidin I. The proline / glycine hydrophilic extremely interrupted by transmembrane sequence predicted I have been associated with the rich domain. This extended proline / glycine-rich region may be required for a specific geometry of the interaction with ligand or substrate. Discoidin I domain, can be found in other proteins, including clotting factors VIII and V, which represents the class of the interaction domain and cell surface molecules specific.

Was capable of passing through the rate-limiting G1 phase of the cell cycle in mammalian fibroblasts accumulate holoenzyme assembly consisting of (CDK4) catalyst their partners, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and cyclin D-type regulation. Both the assembly and synthesis of CDK4 and D-type cyclin dependent on serum stimulation, both subunits even ectopic excess, they do not fit into the cell complex serum deprived. In order to form an active protein kinase, Sf9 insect cells intact, assembled CDK4 and D-type cyclins are co-expressed in the baculovirus vector. Unlike the subunit Is produced in bacteria or insect cells and recombinant D-type cyclins CDK4, the presence of lysate be combined in vitro are not collected in the functional holoenzyme most effective, were prepared from growing mammalian cells It can be activated below. Assembly of cyclin D-CDK4 complex in Sf9 cells coinfected promotes the phosphorylation of threonine 172 CDK4 by (CAK) CDK activated kinase. General Assembly will be able to continue in the absence of change but, CDK4 mutant can not be phosphorylated by CAK remains a catalytically inactive. Thus, in addition to the formation of phosphorylated related complex is adjusted independently of the catalytic subunit and cyclin D-CDK4, and requires an active CAK, serum stimulation, promotes the assembly of a complex in mammalian cells it is required to.

Receptor protein tyrosine kinase (EDDR1) were isolated from complementary DNA library of SKOV-3 cells of epithelial ovarian cancer. The basic structure of the amino acid sequence deduced protein shows a new N-terminal region with homology to factor VIII-like domain. Suggests that it is a type II receptor, C-terminal catalytic domain is a sequence motif typical of all the receptor tyrosine kinases with homology protein TRK-2H (49%). This is expressed in epithelial cells of many tissues. To determine the localization of a chromosomal gene, somatic cell hybrids were analyzed by PCR amplification using oligonucleotide primers specific for the EDDR1. Separation is a hybrid that contains chromosome 6 in humans. Isolated from human chromosome 6 cosmid library for EDDR1 cosmid, which was shown by fluorescence in in situ hybridization mapping to 6q16.

To separate the protein tyrosine kinase views expressed in cell lines (PTK), was used for cloning PCR-based, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Insulin-like growth factor I receptor, fibroblast growth factor 4, Aix, ERK, discoidin domain receptor RTK receptor type 10 different sequence analysis, [epidermal growth factor, (DDR) / TRK / ECELL adhesion kinase ( type of a non-receptor PTK of (TYK2) CAK you have to clear the receptor), HEK2, HEK8, and Sky] and accelerator. Next, in 11 pairs of samples from the esophageal cancer tissue and normal obtained from 12 cases of esophageal cancer, we examined the expression of the transcription of these genes. We have found that compared to normal tissue 11 gene transcripts all expressed in normal tissues and cancer tissues, adjacent significantly six of them are over-expressed in cancer tissues. Among them, rather than correlated with proliferative activity of cancer cells positive, mRNA expression levels of the DDR / trkE / CAK PTK is the degree of differentiation. Immunohistochemistry, DDR is expressed in esophageal cancer cells and normal. Intensity of expression, higher cancer than normal tissue. I also confirmed the expression of two isoforms of esophagus cancer DDR / trkE / CAK and normal. In our study, DDR / trkE / CAK shows that it plays an important role in the regulation of growth of cancer.